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We drink it, cook with it and clean with it. But can we preserve it?

By Julia Scott

75 percent of the Earth's surface is covered by water, but only .1% of it is drinkable. Countless organisms depend on it to survive, including humans. Mushrooming urban populations, inefficient water use, pollution and a variety of other factors have permanently affected marine life and human life on the planet.

Did you know that:
20 percent of endangered freshwater fish are endangered or extinct?
Over 1 billion people don't have access to clean drinking water?
70 percent of potable water is used for agriculture?
22 years from now, half the world's population will be "water stressed?"
(Source: World Bank water overview)

The good news: international governing bodies like the United Nations and the World Bank have started implementing new policies to sustain the environment and conserve water. Countries are realizing that water is an important shared resource. And individuals are taking actions in their everyday lives to conserve water, because more for us means less for someone else.

Here's a collection of articles to whet your appetite (pun intended) for more information on water-related issues. Then check out the research section to start exploring it in depth.

 



Water Scarcity

"Cities face water crisis, U.N. official warns"
U.N. Wire, February 12, 2003

Radical urbanization in Africa means more people than ever lack access to clean water.

"Atlanta's growing thirst creates water war"
New York Times, May 27, 2002
Population growth in Atlanta has taken a toll on rivers in the Southeast, threatening ecosystems and creating a serious water war.

"UN warns of future water crisis"

BBC News (U.K), March 5, 2003
The world's water crisis is so severe it could take almost 30 years to eradicate hunger, according to the U.N.


Water Politics

"Water incorporated / The commodification of the world's water"

Earth Island Journal, Spring 2002

The increasing scarcity of potable water has set the stage for world power plays as countries and corporations fight to control the resource.

"African heads of state meet at Niger River basin conference"

Associated Press, April 27, 2004
African leaders met to discuss the effects of pollution and drought on the Niger River, which supplies water to 100 million people.


Pollution & Industry

"UNEP study finds groundwater at risk on World Environment Day"

U.N. Wire, June 5, 2003
Aquifers all over the world are shrinking as the water is used for agricultural irrigation.

"Millions face water shortage, pollution problems, officials say"
Agence France-Presse, June 5, 2003
Water pollution from industrial and household waste and low water levels has created a water quality crisis in China.

"Comparing the worst oil spills"
BBC News (U.K.), November 19, 2002
A brief history of oil spills, starting in 1967.

"Satellite shows dramatic Aral loss"
BBC News (U.K), July 30, 2003
Unsustainable cotton farming around Central Asia's Aral Sea has nearly split it in two.

"Environmentalists, fishermen, others worry"
Associated Press, August 3, 2003
The Environmental Protection Agency had approved dumping of industrial chemicals into the Gulf of Mexico.

"Grand jury blasts agencies over tainted water supply"
Pensacola News Journal, May 5, 2004
A Florida grand jury released a report blaming the local Utilities Authority for failing to warn residents about groundwater chemical contamination.


Aquatic Life

"Human plunder of the seas"

BBC News (UK), July 27, 2001
Overfishing has severely reduced the variety and number of large sea creatures in the last several centuries.

"Study finds PCBs in farmed salmon"

Reuters, July 30, 2003
A study revealed a high level of cancer-causing PCBs in farmed salmon.

"Study: Only 10 percent of big ocean fish remain"
CNN.com, May 14, 2003
There has been a 90% decline in large fish populations in the world's oceans.

"Coral nears the crisis point"
BBC News (U.K.), August 14, 2003
Coral reef ecosystems, already damaged, may be extinct by the end of the century.


Global Warming

"Dying plankton harms idyllic Seychelles sea life"
Reuters, August 20, 2003
Global warming is killing plankton, which fish depend on for food, around the Seychelles islands.

"Global warming is choking the life out of Lake Tanganyika"
The Independent (U.K.), August 14, 2003
Africa's vital Lake Tanganyika, home to at least 350 species of fish, has been negatively affected by global warming trends.

"Arctic melt may dry out U.S. west coast"
New Scientist, April 11, 2004
Global climate change may cause rainfall on the American West Coast to decline by as much as 30 percent, creating a water shortage.


Solutions

"Earth Day: Thirsty California looks to the ocean"
Los Angeles Guardian, April 22, 2004
Water desalination may be part of the solution to the West Coast's looming water shortage.

"$22M World Bank loan to help clean up world's deepest lake"
Agence France-Presse, August 15, 2003
A loan from the World Bank is helping a Russian cellulose plant recycle its waste.

"'Living Machines' that make water out of sewage"
TIME, March 22, 1999
Ecological innovator John Todd uses the Earth's natural processes to turn sewage back into water.

"Farmer practices make rural water safer"
Iowa Farmer Today, October 30, 2003
Rural water systems offer a solution to farmers who want to avoid the hassles of drilling a well.

"Overfishing hits industry and ecology / License buyback may ease the pain"
Newsdesk.org, August 18, 2003
A new West Coast groundfish preservation program encourages fishermen to sell their boats.


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The Environmental News Network has a page devoted to the latest articles on water and a great, searchable archive of environmental stories.

The latest news concerning water and water issues. www.uswaternews.com

At the National Council for Science and the Environment's website, you'll find reports on our government's policy regarding everything from drinking water to water rights. Look for "Water" in the left-hand column to get started.

Check out National Geographic's cool interactive maps, with info about hundreds of ecosystems across the globe.

The World Resources Institute's EarthTrends portal has comprehensive country-by-country data on every issue affecting freshwater and marine ecosystemsÉ as well as any other environmental topic you can think of. Click on the "features" link for full-length reports.

Learn about the world's main ocean threats at Oceana's website, along with everything you ever needed to know about its habitats and uses.

Curious about coral reefs? This is the place to go. www.coralreefalliance.org

The Water Page: a truly remarkable amount of information about every kind of water issue: international water companies, sanitation, aquatic ecosystems, climate change, you name it… some with a focus on water in regions like Africa.

Find out what went on at the 3rd World Water Forum in 2003.

There are over 5 million lakes in the world, and LakeNet is the ultimate educational resource. Discover fascinating background info, as well as lake threats and promising new strategies to help deal with them.

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Here are some good tips on how to reduce exploitation of fish in our oceans.

Start conserving water right now! Examples of what you can do in your home, from ConserveH2o.org

The Global Environment Facility works with the UN and the World Bank to help developing countries fund projects that specifically protect the environment. Search their project database by country and/or focal area (i.e. "international waters").

Learn about what the World Wildlife Fund and other groups are doing to help conserve water over the long term.

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